Es How a Modern Art Period Style Illustrates a Particular Historical or Cultural Event

Artistic works produced during the period extending roughly from the 1860s to the 1970s

Modern art includes creative work produced during the flow extending roughly from the 1860s to the 1970s, and denotes the styles and philosophies of the fine art produced during that era.^[one] The term is normally associated with fine art in which the traditions of the by take been thrown aside in a spirit of experimentation.^[two] Mod artists experimented with new ways of seeing and with fresh ideas about the nature of materials and functions of fine art. A trend away from the narrative, which was characteristic for the traditional arts, toward brainchild is characteristic of much modern art. More recent creative product is often called contemporary art or postmodern art.

Mod fine art begins with the heritage of painters like Vincent van Gogh, Paul Cézanne, Paul Gauguin, Georges Seurat and Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec all of whom were essential for the development of modern art. At the showtime of the 20th century Henri Matisse and several other young artists including the pre-cubists Georges Braque, André Derain, Raoul Dufy, Jean Metzinger and Maurice de Vlaminck revolutionized the Paris art world with "wild", multi-colored, expressive landscapes and figure paintings that the critics called Fauvism. Matisse's two versions of The Dance signified a key point in his career and in the development of modern painting.^[iii] It reflected Matisse's incipient fascination with primitive art: the intense warm color of the figures confronting the absurd blue-green background and the rhythmical succession of the dancing nudes convey the feelings of emotional liberation and hedonism.

At the start of 20th-century Western painting, and initially influenced by Toulouse-Lautrec, Gauguin and other belatedly-19th-century innovators, Pablo Picasso fabricated his first Cubist paintings based on Cézanne'due south idea that all depiction of nature can exist reduced to three solids: cube, sphere and cone. With the painting Les Demoiselles d'Avignon (1907), Picasso dramatically created a new and radical picture show depicting a raw and primitive brothel scene with five prostitutes, violently painted women, reminiscent of African tribal masks and his ain new Cubist inventions. Analytic cubism was jointly developed by Picasso and Georges Braque, exemplified by Violin and Candlestick, Paris, from nigh 1908 through 1912. Analytic cubism, the start clear manifestation of cubism, was followed past Synthetic cubism, skilful by Braque, Picasso, Fernand Léger, Juan Gris, Albert Gleizes, Marcel Duchamp and several other artists into the 1920s. Synthetic cubism is characterized by the introduction of different textures, surfaces, collage elements, papier collé and a large diverseness of merged subject matter.^[iv] ^[five]

The notion of modern art is closely related to modernism.^[a]

History [edit]

Roots in the 19th century [edit]

Although modern sculpture and architecture are reckoned to have emerged at the end of the 19th century, the beginnings of mod painting tin can be located earlier.^[7] The date mayhap nearly commonly identified equally marking the birth of modernistic art is 1863,^[7] the year that Édouard Manet showed his painting Le déjeuner sur l'herbe in the Salon des Refusés in Paris. Before dates accept too been proposed, among them 1855 (the year Gustave Courbet exhibited The Artist's Studio) and 1784 (the year Jacques-Louis David completed his painting The Adjuration of the Horatii).^[7] In the words of fine art historian H. Harvard Arnason: "Each of these dates has significance for the evolution of modern art, but none categorically marks a completely new beginning .... A gradual metamorphosis took place in the grade of a hundred years."^[vii]

The strands of idea that eventually led to modern fine art can be traced back to the Enlightenment.^[b] The important modern art critic Clement Greenberg, for instance, called Immanuel Kant "the offset real Modernist" but also drew a distinction: "The Enlightenment criticized from the outside ... . Modernism criticizes from the within."^[9] The French Revolution of 1789 uprooted assumptions and institutions that had for centuries been accustomed with lilliputian question and accustomed the public to vigorous political and social argue. This gave rise to what art historian Ernst Gombrich called a "self-consciousness that fabricated people select the style of their edifice as i selects the pattern of a wallpaper."^[10]

The pioneers of modern art were Romantics, Realists and Impressionists.^[11] ^{[ failed verification ]} By the belatedly 19th century, additional movements which were to be influential in mod art had begun to sally: post-Impressionism and Symbolism.

Influences upon these movements were varied: from exposure to Eastern decorative arts, particularly Japanese printmaking, to the coloristic innovations of Turner and Delacroix, to a search for more realism in the depiction of common life, as establish in the work of painters such as Jean-François Millet. The advocates of realism stood against the idealism of the tradition-bound academic art that enjoyed public and official favor.^[12] The most successful painters of the day worked either through commissions or through big public exhibitions of their own piece of work. At that place were official, government-sponsored painters' unions, while governments regularly held public exhibitions of new fine and decorative arts.

The Impressionists argued that people do not see objects but only the light which they reflect, and therefore painters should pigment in natural light (en plein air) rather than in studios and should capture the effects of light in their work.^[13] Impressionist artists formed a group, Société Anonyme Coopérative des Artistes Peintres, Sculpteurs, Graveurs ("Association of Painters, Sculptors, and Engravers") which, despite internal tensions, mounted a series of independent exhibitions.^[14] The fashion was adopted by artists in different nations, in preference to a "national" style. These factors established the view that it was a "movement". These traits—establishment of a working method integral to the art, institution of a movement or visible active core of back up, and international adoption—would be repeated past artistic movements in the Modernistic period in art.

Early 20th century [edit]

Among the movements which flowered in the showtime decade of the 20th century were Fauvism, Cubism, Expressionism, and Futurism.

During the years betwixt 1910 and the end of World War I and after the heyday of cubism, several movements emerged in Paris. Giorgio de Chirico moved to Paris in July 1911, where he joined his brother Andrea (the poet and painter known as Alberto Savinio). Through his brother he met Pierre Laprade, a fellow member of the jury at the Salon d'Automne where he exhibited three of his dreamlike works: Enigma of the Oracle, Enigma of an Afternoon and Self-Portrait. During 1913 he exhibited his work at the Salon des Indépendants and Salon d'Automne, and his work was noticed by Pablo Picasso, Guillaume Apollinaire, and several others. His compelling and mysterious paintings are considered instrumental to the early beginnings of Surrealism. Song of Love (1914) is one of the most famous works by de Chirico and is an early example of the surrealist style, though it was painted 10 years before the move was "founded" past André Breton in 1924.

Globe War I brought an terminate to this phase simply indicated the beginning of a number of anti-art movements, such as Dada, including the work of Marcel Duchamp, and of Surrealism. Artist groups like de Stijl and Bauhaus adult new ideas near the interrelation of the arts, architecture, design, and art educational activity.

Modern art was introduced to the The states with the Armory Show in 1913 and through European artists who moved to the U.Due south. during World State of war I.

Later World State of war Two [edit]

It was only after World War 2, however, that the U.S. became the focal indicate of new creative movements.^[xv] The 1950s and 1960s saw the emergence of Abstract Expressionism, Color field painting, Conceptual artists of Fine art & Language, Pop art, Op art, Hard-edge painting, Minimal art, Lyrical Abstraction, Fluxus, Happening, Video art, Postminimalism, Photorealism and various other movements. In the tardily 1960s and the 1970s, State art, Performance fine art, Conceptual fine art, and other new art forms had attracted the attending of curators and critics, at the expense of more traditional media.^[16] Larger installations and performances became widespread.

By the terminate of the 1970s, when cultural critics began speaking of "the end of painting" (the title of a provocative essay written in 1981 by Douglas Crimp), new media art had get a category in itself, with a growing number of artists experimenting with technological ways such as video art.^[17] Painting assumed renewed importance in the 1980s and 1990s, equally evidenced by the rising of neo-expressionism and the revival of figurative painting.^[eighteen]

Towards the cease of the 20th century, a number of artists and architects started questioning the idea of "the modernistic" and created typically Postmodern works.^[19]

Art movements and artist groups [edit]

(Roughly chronological with representative artists listed.)

19th century [edit]

Romanticism and the Romantic movement – Francisco de Goya, J. Grand. W. Turner, Eugène Delacroix
Realism – Gustave Courbet, Camille Corot, Jean-François Millet, Rosa Bonheur
Pre-Raphaelites – William Holman Hunt, John Everett Millais, Dante Gabriel Rossetti
Macchiaioli – Giovanni Fattori, Silvestro Lega, Telemaco Signorini
Impressionism – Frédéric Bazille, Gustave Caillebotte, Mary Cassatt, Edgar Degas, Armand Guillaumin, Édouard Manet, Claude Monet, Berthe Morisot, Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Camille Pissarro, Alfred Sisley
Mail service-impressionism – Georges Seurat, Paul Cézanne, Paul Gauguin, Vincent van Gogh, Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, Henri Rousseau, Henri-Jean Guillaume Martin, Albert Lebourg, Robert Antoine Pinchon
Pointillism – Georges Seurat, Paul Signac, Maximilien Luce, Henri-Edmond Cross
Divisionism – Gaetano Previati, Giovanni Segantini, Pellizza da Volpedo
Symbolism – Gustave Moreau, Odilon Redon, Edvard Munch, James Whistler, James Ensor
Les Nabis – Pierre Bonnard, Édouard Vuillard, Félix Vallotton, Maurice Denis, Paul Sérusier
Art Nouveau and variants – Jugendstil, Secession, Modern Style, Modernisme – Aubrey Beardsley, Alphonse Mucha, Gustav Klimt,
Fine art Nouveau architecture and design – Antoni Gaudí, Otto Wagner, Wiener Werkstätte, Josef Hoffmann, Adolf Loos, Koloman Moser
Early Modernist sculptors – Aristide Maillol, Auguste Rodin

Early 20th century (before World State of war I) [edit]

Abstract art – Francis Picabia, Wassily Kandinsky, František Kupka, Robert Delaunay, Sonia Delaunay, Léopold Survage, Piet Mondrian, Kazimir Malevich, Hilma af Klint
Fauvism – André Derain, Henri Matisse, Maurice de Vlaminck, Georges Braque, Kees van Dongen
Expressionism and related – Die Brücke, Der Blaue Reiter – Ernst Ludwig Kirchner, Wassily Kandinsky, Franz Marc, Egon Schiele, Oskar Kokoschka, Emil Nolde, Axel Törneman, Karl Schmidt-Rottluff, Max Pechstein
Cubism – Pablo Picasso, Georges Braque, Jean Metzinger, Albert Gleizes, Fernand Léger, Robert Delaunay, Henri Le Fauconnier, Marcel Duchamp, Jacques Villon, Francis Picabia, Juan Gris
Futurism – Giacomo Balla, Umberto Boccioni, Carlo Carrà, Gino Severini, Natalia Goncharova, Mikhail Larionov
Orphism – Robert Delaunay, Sonia Delaunay, František Kupka
Suprematism – Kazimir Malevich, Alexander Rodchenko, El Lissitzky
Synchromism – Stanton Macdonald-Wright, Morgan Russell
Vorticism – Wyndham Lewis
Sculpture – Constantin Brâncuși, Joseph Csaky, Alexander Archipenko, Raymond Duchamp-Villon, Jacques Lipchitz, Ossip Zadkine, Henri Laurens, Elie Nadelman, Chaim Gross, Chana Orloff, Jacob Epstein, Gustave Miklos
Photography – Pictorialism, Straight photography

Earth War I to Globe State of war Ii [edit]

Dada – Jean Arp, Marcel Duchamp, Max Ernst, Francis Picabia, Kurt Schwitters
Surrealism – Marc Chagall, René Magritte, Jean Arp, Salvador Dalí, Max Ernst, Giorgio de Chirico, André Masson, Joan Miró
Expressionism and related: Chaim Soutine, Abraham Mintchine
Pittura Metafisica – Giorgio de Chirico, Carlo Carrà, Giorgio Morandi
De Stijl – Theo van Doesburg, Piet Mondrian
New Objectivity – Max Beckmann, Otto Dix, George Grosz
Figurative painting – Henri Matisse, Pierre Bonnard
American Modernism – Stuart Davis, Arthur G. Pigeon, Marsden Hartley, Georgia O'Keeffe
Constructivism – Naum Gabo, Gustav Klutsis, László Moholy-Nagy, El Lissitzky, Kasimir Malevich, Vadim Meller, Alexander Rodchenko, Vladimir Tatlin
Bauhaus – Wassily Kandinsky, Paul Klee, Josef Albers
Scottish Colourists – Francis Cadell, Samuel Peploe, Leslie Hunter, John Duncan Fergusson
Social realism – Grant Wood, Walker Evans, Diego Rivera
Precisionism – Charles Sheeler, Charles Demuth
Boychukism - Mykhailo Boychuk, Sofiya Nalepinska-Boychuk, Ivan Padalka, Vasily Sedlyar
Sculpture – Alexander Calder, Alberto Giacometti, Gaston Lachaise, Henry Moore, Pablo Picasso, Julio Gonzalez

After Globe War II [edit]

Figuratifs – Bernard Buffet, Jean Carzou, Maurice Boitel, Daniel du Janerand, Claude-Max Lochu
Sculpture – Henry Moore, David Smith, Tony Smith, Alexander Calder, Isamu Noguchi,^[xx] Alberto Giacometti, Sir Anthony Caro, Jean Dubuffet, Isaac Witkin, René Iché, Marino Marini, Louise Nevelson, Albert Vrana
Abstract expressionism – Joan Mitchell, Willem de Kooning, Jackson Pollock, Arshile Gorky, Hans Hofmann, Franz Kline, Robert Motherwell, Clyfford Still, Lee Krasner,
American Abstract Artists – Ilya Bolotowsky, Ibram Lassaw, Ad Reinhardt, Josef Albers, Burgoyne Diller
Art Brut – Adolf Wölfli, August Natterer, Ferdinand Cheval, Madge Gill
Arte Povera – Jannis Kounellis, Luciano Fabro, Mario Merz, Piero Manzoni, Alighiero Boetti
Color field painting – Barnett Newman, Mark Rothko, Adolph Gottlieb, Sam Francis, Morris Louis, Kenneth Noland, Jules Olitski, Helen Frankenthaler
Tachisme – Jean Dubuffet, Pierre Soulages, Hans Hartung, Ludwig Merwart
COBRA – Pierre Alechinsky, Karel Appel, Asger Jorn
Conceptual art – Art & Language, Dan Graham, Lawrence Weiner, Bruce Nauman, Daniel Buren, Victor Burgin, Sol LeWitt
De-collage – Wolf Vostell, Mimmo Rotella
Neo-Dada – Robert Rauschenberg, Jasper Johns, John Chamberlain, Joseph Beuys, Lee Bontecou, Edward Kienholz
Figurative Expressionism – Larry Rivers, Grace Hartigan, Elaine de Kooning, Robert De Niro, Sr., Lester Johnson, George McNeil, Earle M. Pilgrim, January Müller, Robert Beauchamp, Bob Thompson
Feminist Art — Eva Hesse, Judy Chicago, Barbara Kruger, Mary Beth Edelson, Ewa Partum, Valie Export, Yoko Ono, Louise Bourgeois, Cindy Sherman, Kiki Smith, Guerrilla Girls, Hannah Wilke
Fluxus – George Maciunas, Joseph Beuys, Wolf Vostell, Nam June Paik, Daniel Spoerri, Dieter Roth, Carolee Schneeman, Alison Knowles, Charlotte Moorman, Dick Higgins
Happening – Allan Kaprow, Joseph Beuys, Wolf Vostell, Claes Oldenburg, Jim Dine, Reddish Grooms, Nam June Paik, Charlotte Moorman, Robert Whitman, Yoko Ono
Dau-al-Gear up – founded in Barcelona by poet/creative person Joan Brossa, – Antoni Tàpies
Grupo El Paso [es; ca; pl] – founded in Madrid by artists Antonio Saura, Pablo Serrano
Geometric abstraction – Wassily Kandinsky, Kazimir Malevich, Nadir Afonso, Manlio Rho, Mario Radice, Mino Argento, Adam Szentpétery
Hard-edge painting – John McLaughlin, Ellsworth Kelly, Frank Stella, Al Held, Ronald Davis
Kinetic art – George Rickey, Getulio Alviani
Country art – Ana Mendieta, Christo, Richard Long, Robert Smithson, Michael Heizer
Les Automatistes – Claude Gauvreau, Jean-Paul Riopelle, Pierre Gauvreau, Fernand Leduc, Jean-Paul Mousseau, Marcelle Ferron
Minimal art – Sol LeWitt, Donald Judd, Dan Flavin, Richard Serra, Agnes Martin
Postminimalism – Eva Hesse, Bruce Nauman, Lynda Benglis
Lyrical abstraction – Ronnie Landfield, Sam Gilliam, Larry Zox, Dan Christensen, Natvar Bhavsar, Larry Poons
Neo-figurative art – Fernando Botero, Antonio Berni
Neo-expressionism – Georg Baselitz, Anselm Kiefer, Jörg Immendorff, Jean-Michel Basquiat
Transavanguardia – Francesco Clemente, Mimmo Paladino, Sandro Chia, Enzo Cucchi
Figuration libre – Hervé Di Rosa, François Boisrond, Robert Combas
New realism – Yves Klein, Pierre Restany, Arman
Op art – Victor Vasarely, Bridget Riley, Richard Anuszkiewicz, Jeffrey Steele
Outsider art – Howard Finster, Grandma Moses, Bob Justin
Photorealism – Audrey Flack, Chuck Shut, Duane Hanson, Richard Estes, Malcolm Morley
Pop art – Richard Hamilton, Robert Indiana, Jasper Johns, Roy Lichtenstein, Robert Rauschenberg, Andy Warhol, Ed Ruscha, David Hockney
Postwar European figurative painting – Lucian Freud, Francis Bacon, Frank Auerbach, Gerhard Richter
New European Painting – Luc Tuymans, Marlene Dumas, Neo Rauch, Bracha Ettinger, Michaël Borremans, Chris Ofili
Shaped sail – Frank Stella, Kenneth Noland, Ron Davis, Robert Mangold.
Soviet fine art – Aleksandr Deyneka, Aleksandr Gerasimov, Ilya Kabakov, Komar & Melamid, Alexandr Zhdanov, Leonid Sokov
Spatialism – Lucio Fontana
Video art – Nam June Paik, Wolf Vostell, Joseph Beuys, Bill Viola, Hans Breder
Visionary fine art – Ernst Fuchs, Paul Laffoley, Michael Bowen

Notable modernistic art exhibitions and museums [edit]

Austria [edit]

Leopold Museum, Vienna

Belgium [edit]

SMAK, Ghent

Brazil [edit]

MASP, São Paulo, SP
MAM/SP, São Paulo, SP
MAM/RJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ
MAM/BA, Salvador, Bahia

Colombia [edit]

Bogotá Museum of Modern Fine art (MAMBO)

Croatia [edit]

Ivan Meštrović Gallery, Split
Mod Gallery, Zagreb
Museum of Contemporary Fine art, Zagreb

Ecuador [edit]

Museo Antropologico y de Arte Contemporaneo, Guayaquil
La Capilla del Hombre, Quito

Finland [edit]

EMMA, Espoo
Kiasma, Helsinki

France [edit]

Château de Montsoreau-Museum of Contemporary Art, Montsoreau
Lille Métropole Museum of Modern, Contemporary and Outsider Art, Villeneuve d'Ascq
Musée d'Orsay, Paris
Musée d'Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris, Paris
Musée National d'Fine art Moderne, Paris
Musée Picasso, Paris
Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art, Strasbourg
Musée d'art moderne de Troyes

Deutschland [edit]

documenta, Kassel, an exhibition of modern and contemporary art held every 5 years
Museum Ludwig, Cologne
Pinakothek der Moderne, Munich

Bharat [edit]

Centre of International Modern Art [Wikidata] (CIMA),^[21] Kolkata
National Gallery of Mod Art, New Delhi
National Gallery of Modern Art, Bombay
National Gallery of Modernistic Art, Bangalore

Iran [edit]

Museum of Contemporary Fine art, Tehran

Ireland [edit]

Hugh Lane Gallery, Dublin
Irish Museum of Modern Fine art, Dublin

Israel [edit]

Tel Aviv Museum of Art

Italia [edit]

Palazzo delle Esposizioni
Galleria Nazionale d'Arte Moderna
Venice Biennial, Venice
Palazzo Pitti, Florence
Museo del Novecento, Milan

Mexico [edit]

Museo de Arte Moderno, México D.F.

Netherlands [edit]

Van Gogh Museum, Amsterdam
Stedelijk Museum, Amsterdam

Norway [edit]

Astrup Fearnley Museum of Mod Art, Oslo
Henie-Onstad Fine art Middle, Oslo

Poland [edit]

Museum of Art, Łódź
National Museum, Kraków

Qatar [edit]

Mathaf: Arab Museum of Modern Art, Doha

Romania [edit]

National Museum of Gimmicky Art, Bucharest

Russia [edit]

Hermitage Museum, Leningrad
Pushkin Museum, Moscow
Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow

Serbia [edit]

Museum of Contemporary Art, Belgrade

Kingdom of spain [edit]

Museu d'Art Contemporani de Barcelona, Barcelona
Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía, Madrid
Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum, Madrid
Institut Valencià d'Art Modern, Valencia
Atlantic Centre of Mod Art, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria
Museu Picasso, Barcelona.
Museo Picasso Málaga, Málaga.

Sweden [edit]

Moderna Museet, Stockholm

Taiwan [edit]

Asia Museum of Modern Fine art, Taichung

Britain [edit]

Estorick Drove of Modernistic Italian Art, London
Saatchi Gallery, London
Tate United kingdom, London
Tate Liverpool
Tate Modern, London
Tate St Ives

Ukraine [edit]

National Fine art Museum of Ukraine, Kyiv
Andrey Sheptytsky National Museum of Lviv, Lviv

United States [edit]

Albright-Knox Art Gallery, Buffalo, New York
Art Establish of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
Governor Nelson A. Rockefeller Empire State Plaza Fine art Collection, Albany, New York
Guggenheim Museum, New York City, New York, and Venice, Italian republic ; more recently in Berlin, Frg, Bilbao, Spain, and Las Vegas, Nevada
High Museum, Atlanta, Georgia
Los Angeles Canton Museum of Art, Los Angeles, California
McNay Art Museum, San Antonio, Texas
Menil Collection, Houston, Texas
Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, Massachusetts
Museum of Modern Art, New York City, New York
San Francisco Museum of Modernistic Art, San Francisco, California
The Baker Museum, Naples, Florida
Walker Art Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota
Whitney Museum of American Art, New York City, New York

Notes [edit]

^ "One way of understanding the relation of the terms 'modern,' 'modernity,' and 'modernism' is that aesthetic modernism is a course of fine art characteristic of loftier or actualized belatedly modernity, that is, of that menses in which social, economic, and cultural life in the widest sense [was] revolutionized by modernity ... [this means] that modernist art is scarcely thinkable outside the context of the modernized society of the tardily nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Social modernity is the dwelling of modernist art, fifty-fifty where that fine art rebels against it." — Lawrence East. Cahoone^[6]
^ "In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries momentum began to gather behind a new view of the globe, which would eventually create a new globe, the modern world." — Lawrence E. Cahoone^[8]

References [edit]

^ Atkins 1997, pp. 118–119.
^ Gombrich 1995, p. 557.
^ Clement 1996, p. 114.
^ Scobie 1988, pp. 103–107.
^ John-Steiner 2006, p. 69.
^ Cahoone 1996, p. 13.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Arnason & Prather 1998, p. 17.
^ Cahoone 1996, p. 27.
^ Greenberg 1982, p. 5.
^ Gombrich 1995, p. 477.
^ Arnason & Prather 1998, p. 22.
^ Corinth et al. 1996, p. 25.
^ Cogniat 1975, p. 61.
^ Cogniat 1975, pp. 43–49.
^ Saunders 2013.
^ Mullins 2006, p. 14.
^ Mullins 2006, p. 9.
^ Mullins 2006, pp. 14–15.
^ Jencks 1987, p.^{[ page needed ]}.
^ Lander 2006.
^ Times of India Travel 2015.

Sources [edit]

Arnason, H. Harvard; Prather, Marla (1998). History of modern art : painting, sculpture, architecture, photography (quaternary ed.). New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc. ISBN978-0-8109-3439-9. OCLC 1035593323 – via Internet Archive.
Atkins, Robert (1997). Artspeak: A Guide to Contemporary Ideas, Movements, and Buzzwords (2d ed.). New York: Abbeville Press Publishers. ISBN978-0-7892-0415-8. OCLC 605278894 – via Internet Archive.
Cahoone, Lawrence (1996). From Modernism to Postmodernism: An Album . Cambridge, Mass: Blackwell Publishers. ISBN978-1-55786-602-8. OCLC 1149327777 – via Internet Archive.
"CIMA Art Gallery". Times of India Travel. 2015-06-thirty. Retrieved 2021-06-12 .
Clement, Russell (1996). Four French Symbolists: A Sourcebook on Pierre Puvis de Chavannes, Gustave Moreau, Odilon Redon, and Maurice Denis. Westport, Conn: Greenwood Press. ISBN978-0-313-29752-half-dozen. OCLC 34191505.
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Corinth, Lovis; Schuster, Peter-Klaus; Vitali, Christoph; Butts, Barbara; Brauner, Lothar; Bärnreuther, Andrea (1996). Lovis Corinth. Munich; New York: Prestel. ISBN978-iii-7913-1682-vi. OCLC 35280519.
Greenberg, Clement (1982). "Modernist Painting". In Frascina, Francis; Harrison, Charles; Paul, Deirdre (eds.). Modern Art and Modernism: A Critical Anthology . In clan with the Open University. London: Harper & Row. ISBN978-0-06-318234-9. OCLC 297414909 – via Cyberspace Archive.
Gombrich, Ernst H. (1995). The Story of Art . London: Phaidon Press Limited. ISBN978-0-7148-3355-two. OCLC 1151352542 – via Internet Annal.
Jencks, Charles (1987). Postal service-Modernism: The New Classicism in Art and Architecture . New York: Rizzoli. ISBN978-0-8478-0835-nine. OCLC 1150952960 – via Inernet Annal.
John-Steiner, Vera (2006). "Patterns of Collaboration among Artists". Artistic Collaboration. Oxford University Press. pp. 63–96. doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195307702.003.0004. ISBN978-0-19-530770-2. OCLC 5105130725, 252638637.
Lander, David (Nov–Dec 2006). "Fifties Article of furniture THE SIDE Table AS SCULPTURE". Shopping. American Heritage. American Clan for State and Local History. 57 (6). ISSN 2161-8496. OCLC 60622066. Archived from the original on 2007-10-20.
Mullins, Charlotte (2006). Painting people : effigy painting today. New York: D.A.P./Distributed Art Pubs. ISBN978-i-933045-38-2. OCLC 71679906.
Saunders, Frances Stonor (2013-06-14) [1995-10-22]. "Modern art was CIA 'weapon'". The Independent . Retrieved 2021-04-17 .
Scobie, Stephen (1988). "The Attraction of Multiplicity: Metaphor and Metonymy in Cubism and Gertrude Stein". In Neuman, S. C.; Nadel, Ira Bruce (eds.). Gertrude Stein and the Making of Literature. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK. doi:ten.1007/978-one-349-08541-5_7. ISBN978-1-349-08543-nine. OCLC 7323640453 – via Internet Annal.

External links [edit]

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_art